To explore the intra- and inter-rater agreement of superior vena cava (SVC) flow and right ventricular (RV) outflow in healthy and unwell late preterm neonates (33-37 weeks' gestational age), term neonates (≥37 weeks' gestational age), and neonates receiving total-body cooling. Mahoney, Liam Fernandez-Alvarez, Jose R Rojas-Anaya, Hector Aiton, Neil Wertheim, David Seddon, Paul Rabe, Heike Intra- and Inter-rater Agreement of Superior Vena Cava Flow and Right Ventricular Outflow Measurements in Late Preterm and Term Neonates. The ultimate aim was to propose recommendations for in-depth examination of agreement, i. Objective: The overall objective was to unfold the phenomenon of inter-rater agreement: to identify potential sources of variation in agreement data and to explore how they can be statistically accounted for. Slaug, Bjørn Schilling, Oliver Helle, Tina Unfolding the phenomenon of inter-rater agreement The SEI was a reproducible method, to assess the esthetic component of the smile, useful for the diagnostic phase and for setting appropriate treatment plans. Inter-rater agreement (Fleiss' kappa statistics) calculated for each variable ranged from 0.17 to 0.75. Intra- rater agreement ranged from 0.86 to 0.99. Considering the cumulative assessment of the Smile Esthetic Index (SEI), the ICC value for the inter-rater agreement of the 10 examiners was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.51 to 0.72), representing a substantial agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Fleiss' kappa) statistics were performed to analyse the intra- rater and inter-rater agreement. Ten examiners, with different levels of clinical experience and specialties, applied the proposed assessment method twice on the selected pictures, independently and blindly. One examiner consecutively selected seventy smile pictures, which were in the frontal view. Ten variables were chosen as determinants for the esthetics of a smile: smile line and facial midline, tooth alignment, tooth deformity, tooth dischromy, gingival dischromy, gingival recession, gingival excess, gingival scars and diastema/missing papillae. To propose a method to measure the esthetics of the smile and to report its validation by means of an intra- rater and inter-rater agreement analysis. Rotundo, Roberto Nieri, Michele Bonaccini, Daniele Mori, Massimiliano Lamberti, Elena Massironi, Domenico Giachetti, Luca Franchi, Lorenzo Venezia, Piero Cavalcanti, Raffaele Bondi, Elena Farneti, Mauro Pinchi, Vilma Buti, Jacopo An intra- rater and inter-rater agreement study. The Smile Esthetic Index (SEI): A method to measure the esthetics of the smile.
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